Abstract: As the global change and human activities increase, the effect of meteorological factors and environmental factors on human health is becoming abruptly obvious. In recent years, the rate of mortality and incidence of respiratory diseases has been obviously getting higher and higher, and its etiology is complex. This trend is likely to have been triggered and stimulated by a complex interplay of air pollution (e.g., particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide.) and meteorological factors (such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, dust storms, thunderstorms.) associated with airborne allergens. We discussed typical environmental characteristics of the vulnerable groups’ respiratory diseases. The interactions between environmental and meteorological factors on the respiratory diseases, have become one of research hotspots and difficulties in the future. Meteorological factors-air pollutionallergens multidimensional system should be paid more attention to evaluate all kinds of environmental and meteorological factors on the respiratory system along with the necessary measures taken to protect public health.