Abstract: Using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis daily datasets, dynamic and thermal three-dimensional structure, energy cycle and Rossby wave energy dispersion of Central Asian vortex (CAV) persistent activity from July 11 to July 22 in 1996 are studied. The Results show that the vortex developed at the middle-upper firstly and extended upward and downward with time, which had an obvious cold core structure down 300 hPa and a warm core structure over 300 hPa along with maximal positive vorticity at the middle-upper troposphere. During its development - mature - weakened process, maximal positive vorticity moved eastward from westside of vortex center. At the same time its upper-level strong divergence, lower-level convergence and upward motion area moved eastward. Eddy kinetic energy (K_E) variation can quantitatively manifest intensification change and developing stages of vortex; in the meantime K_E is quite strong at the middle and upper tropospheres. Energy conversion within vortex and energy transportation with environment mostly take place over 700 hPa. The conversion term from eddy available potential energy (A_E) to K_E and eddy kinetic energy inflow from open atmospheric region boundaries act as main sources of the K_E, and they play an equivalent role which bring about a rapid development of vortex. It keeps weak energy conversions within vortex during its mature stage, and the source and sink of K_E is respectively eddy available potential energy import from environment and eddy kinetic energy outflow. For middle-range process of this vortex, the anti-cyclone anomaly center over Northeast Atlantic is the fountain of Rossby wave energy dispersion with Rossby wave propagating from Northeast Atlantic to East Europe—Urals (EAU). So the positive height anomaly circulation over EAU acts as “relay station” of energy dispersion for Central Asia. The Rossby wave emanates again from EAU and propagates to Central Asia, causing CAV persistent activity for 12 days. The characteristics of Rossby wave propagation, however, are significantly different in different periods of CAV. During developing and maintaining periods, the anti-cyclone anomaly center over Northeast Atlantic and strong wave flux divergence process are prominent and cause the positive height anomaly circulation over East Europe to develope, which acts as a "relay station" of energy and continues to propagate energy for Central Asia, consequently bringing about CAV sudden development and stable maintenance. During the weakening period, Rossby waves propagate from Northeast Atlantic to the east of the Mediterranean Sea and enter Asia subtropical jet stream to continue dispersion along with the jet stream. It is not found that Rossby wave propagates from the EAU to Central Asia.