Abstract: Though the Qingdao Observatory has great changes since it was built, it is the one of observatories that keeps the observation data most completely and most systematically in China, and is the earliest one being changed into Chinese own management. It is the origin of the Chinese Meteorological Society as well as the initial place of modern meteorology, astronomy and oceanography in China. It makes a signifcant contribution to a lot of area, including modern meteorology, astronomy, oceanography and physics of the earth sciences. According to its historical changes of administrative countries, this article divided the history into six periods, and pointed out that Chinese paid more attention to widen and improve the scientifc works, academic communication,equipment updating, and data accumulation in the Chinese own managements, while the ability of Chinese independent research was weak, because most meteorological instruments were the legacies from foreigners or ordered abroad before 1950.