Abstract: Based on the digitized annual report of agro-meteorological observation records, the growth datasets of main crops were established in China mainland. It uses the phenological observations of the major crops (wheat, rice, soybean, cotton and peanut) at 423 observation stations for 1981-2010. The dataset-quality control procedures include the data standardization, data supplemented transcripts, format conversion, quality control and the quality evaluation. The results show that the integrity rates of the growth periods, growth condition, growth height, total number of stems and effective stems are above 77.1%, and the correct rate of these items are above 99.1%. The datasets may provide a basic data support for agrometeorological services and scienti fic research. It is also important for promoting the application of agricultural meteorological digitization and expanding the application range of agrometeorological comprehensive quality control methods.