Abstract: Central Asia is located in the middle of the Eurasian Continent and far from ocean. It’s a typical arid and semi-arid region in the middle latitudes, and is in a special position for the study of global change. There are a large number of conifer primeval forests in the mountainous, which are sensitive to climate response. The arid climate conditions not only make the trees sensitive to climate change in this area, but also have benefits on the growth of old trees and the preservation of ancient trees. These provide reliable alternative data for the study of past climate and environmental changes. This paper summarizes the present situation and progress of the research on tree-ring climate in Central Asia, discusses the change characteristics of temperature and humidity, which are recorded by tree-ring in this region, summarizes the law of historical climate change, and puts forward some suggestions and prospects for further research on dendroclimatology in the Central Asia.