Abstract: Dust aerosols not only affect weather and climate, but also play an important role in marine ecology and global material circulation. The Taklimakan Desert is an important source of dust aerosols in my country and East Asia. The concentration and particle size distribution characteristics of dust aerosols in the southwestern margin of Hotan City are still unclear, which is not conducive to the study of the mechanism of dust aerosol transport and deposition in this region. Therefore, this paper uses the particle classification sampler to study the characteristics of the dust aerosol concentration and particle size distribution under different weather (sunny, floating dust, blowing sand) in Hotan City, and the following conclusions are obtained: (1) On sunny days, the average dust aerosol concentrations of 0.1-2.5 μm, 2.5-10 μm, and 10-20 μm are 2612, 1059.3, and 126 μg/m³, accounting for 68.8%, 27.9%, and 3.3% respectively; floating dust, the average dust aerosol concentrations of 0.1-2.5 μm, 2.5-10 μm, and 10-20 μm are 6273, 1403, and 139 μg/m³, accounting for 79.6%, 17.8%, and 2.5% respectively; blowing sand, the average dust aerosol concentrations of 0.1-2.5 μm, 2.5-10 μm, and 10-20 μm are 7135, 2108, and 315 μg/m³, accounting for 74.6%, 22%, and 3.3% respectively. (2) In Sunny days, floating dust and blowing sand weather, the concentrations of dust aerosol of 0.1-2.5 μm and 2.5-10 μm at night were higher than those in the daytime. The concentration of dust aerosol of 10-20 μm was higher than that of daytime only in sunny days, while that of floating dust and sand-blowing was higher than that of nighttime.