Abstract: This paper mainly uses conventional meteorological observation data, the reanalysis data of NCEP 1 °x 1 ° by 6 hours and ground-based microwave radiometer data of Xianning, to make a comparative analysis on the two severe weather process in spring. The results show that the influence systems of the two processes are similar to some extent, but there are obvious differences in the development, intensity, location and configuration of divergence fields between high and low layers, which are mainly reflected in the “1804” process, which has strong dynamic lifting conditions and is prone to heavy precipitation with good water vapor and energy conditions. However, the “1805” process has poor dynamic conditions, but the energy in the lower layer is concentrated and the stratification is unstable, which is more conducive to the occurrence of thunderstorm and gale weather.According to the analysis of microwave radiometer data, it was found that the process of “1804” had the characteristics of obvious decrease of Vint, obvious increase of Lint and rapid decrease of Cloud Base when it was near the precipitation, while the process of “1805” did not. This phenomenon has certain indicative significance for the prediction of heavy precipitation. This obvious difference has certain reference significance for forecasting rainstorm and severe convection weather.