Abstract: Different from the traditional water quality monitoring system with a large number of monitoring sites and long monitoring and treatment time, this paper designs and develops a water drifting water quality monitoring system based on GPRS wireless transmission and Beidou/GPS location positioning, equipped with water quality parameter sensors and temperature sensors, which can realize real-time water quality status monitoring, water flow speed monitoring, water quality data evaluation, and flood early warning. Through experimental testing and comparative analysis, it is proved that this design has the advantages of portability, efficiency, safety and reliability, and can meet the needs of the hydrological department for routine and emergency water quality monitoring.