Abstract: Based on the ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis data, aircraft voice reports and automatic observation data of Guiyang Airport, by using composite analysis and case analysis, this paper analyzes the characteristics of atmospheric circulation, coordination between synoptic systems and wind field conditions when the low-level wind shear occurs at Guiyang Airport, including types of cold front, Kunming quasi-stationary front, low level jet and local convection. The results show that: (1) For the type of cold front, the eastward stretches of the north wind on 700 hPa and 850 hPa, and southward stretches of the south wind on 900 hPa play an important role in the early time. And it’s a signal for the beginning of wind shear when the wind direction turns from south to north at the north end of runway. (2) When the quasi-stationary front is located in the midwest of Guizhou Province, the southerly jet in the inversion layer over Guiyang Airport and the weak north wind near the ground often cause the aircraft to encounter vertical wind shear. And when the quasi-stationary front swings back and forth near Guiyang Airport, the opposite wind direction at both ends of runway can lead to wind shear. (3) For the type of low-level jet, the low-level jet and the surface thermal depression cooperate with each other, also, the near ground wind filed is affected by the terrain, which results in the discontinuous wind speed at both ends of runway. (4) The type of local convection can be effectively monitored in combination with weather radar and airport automatic observation data.