Abstract: With the remarkable progress of computer technology, satellite remote sensing and communication networks, numerical weather prediction (NWP) has been born from a theoretical conception 100 years ago to reality and developed continuously.As two revolutions in NWP, data assimilation and ensemble prediction have not only benefited from the technological improvements of NWP, but also promoted the century-long development of NWP both from the technical and from the conceptual point of views.Looking back to the past, with technological innovation, the statistical and empirical weather mapping method could not meet the requirements of modern weather forecasting, NWP came into being.Nowadays, the new paradigm of artificial intelligence(AI) for science is showing noteworthy advantages.It has led to unprecedented progress in nowcasting, short-range forecasting, climate projection, and large meteorological models.Looking into the future, we should actively embrace technological changes, objectively view the pros and cons of AI, and continuously strengthen policy analysis and frontier strategic research, to pursue the new development trend of atmospheric sciences.