Research and Enlightenment of Demand-Led Collaborative Innovation Mechanism:Multi Case Study Based on Numerical Prediction Collaboration

Numerical prediction is one of the critical problems to be addressed for the high-quality development of meteorological cause.The development of numerical prediction urgently needs the coordination not only with other aspects of prediction, but also with meteorological observation and service.It also needs the coordination between scientific research and operation.To meet the requirements of the times for the internal and external collaboration of meteorological operations, and based on the theoretical system of innovative ecosystem, we choose the cases of the United States and China, which take numerical forecasting as the core, combine upstream and downstream operations, and coordinate scientific research and operation.This study deeply analyzes the cases, and conducts horizontal repeated verification and comparative study on the cases.The cases are analyzed from four dimensions: joint mode, demand-led accurate forecasting, research-oriented operation paradigm that integrates research and operation, and background basis.It is found that there is a new form of innovation ecosystem in operation collaboration.The combination of overall management and operation, and the positive feedback of demand-oriented and technology-oriented collaboration are identified in the organizational structure, so does the experience of multi-dimensional total-factor collaborative innovation.Based on the case analysis, it is proposed to establish a more integrated internal collaboration and linkage mechanism, improve the coordination and governance methods of different niches, and set up multi-subject, interdisciplinary, and selfcirculation-driven coordination mechanism for three-side collaboration.