Research Progress of Neighborhood Methods for Numerical Weather Forecast Verification

Neighborhood method has been widely used in numerical weather forecast verification.With the development of high-resolution numerical model, there have emerged new neighborhood methods, and the application of neighborhood method has been extended from deterministic forecasts to ensemble forecasts.Firstly, different neighborhood methods are reviewed.According to different processing methods for forecast and observation field, neighborhood methods are categorized into four types, upscaling method, neighborhood maximum method, grid probability method and other methods.Then different neighborhood methods are compared based on a set of observation and forecast data.The application of different neighborhood methods should be chosen according to the actual requirements.The advantages and disadvantages of neighborhood methods are pointed out and the future development direction is prospected based on a comprehensive review.