Comparative Analysis of Three Thunderstorm Processes at Guiyang Airport under Yunnan-Guizhou Quasi-Stationary Front in Winter

The physical mechanisms of three winter thunderstorm processes at Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport (hereinafter referred to as Guiyang Airport) on 4 January 2022, 1 January 2024, and 17 January 2024 (hereinafter referred to as "220104" "240101" "240117", respectively) were analyzed using conventional meteorological observation data and ERA5 reanalysis data. The results show that the main influencing systems for the three processes were the 500 hPa upper-level trough, the 700 hPa southwest jet, the 850 hPa shear line, and the Yunnan-Guizhou quasi-stationary front. However, the configurations of these systems varied among the three cases. For "220104", the unstable stratification was located near the front and above the front between 800－650 hPa. For "240101", it was located near the front and below 500 hPa ahead of the front. For "240117", a shallow unstable stratification existed between 750－600 hPa. The vapor flux convergence area at 700 hPa indicated the main precipitation areas for the three processes, while that at 850 hPa indicated the possible regions for convection. A sudden temperature increase from the surface to the upper levels signifies that strong convection is imminent or is occurring. A rapid upward development of relative humidity greater than 85% denotes that precipitation is about to occur, and a sharp increase in liquid water content corresponds to an increase in precipitation intensity.